A Starting point
Not captured yet.
Preparing 3D. The simplified diagram is ready to use.
Lower oxygen → lungsHigher oxygen → body
Anatomical right is on your left in the front view. Blood is never blue. Arrows mark routes, not measured flow.
Write your idea before changing a setting. There is no score or automatic marking.
Your comparison
Keep the evidence
Capture A, change one input, then capture B. A saved card stays fixed until you clear it.
B Changed setting
Not captured yet.
What this model explains — and what it leaves out
Cardiac output = heart rate × forward stroke volume. bpm × mL/beat gives mL/min; divide by 1,000 for L/min. Both graphics modes and the evidence cards use this same calculation.
Filling opens the atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral). Ejection opens the semilunar valves (pulmonary and aortic). Both groups are closed during the isovolumetric intervals. The mitral valve has two leaflets; the other three valves each have three.
This is a deliberately opened teaching section, not clinical anatomy. The left atrium is brought forward for visibility. Vessel branches overlap. Leaflets hinge instead of flexing, and wall motion does not measure stroke volume. Fixed phase proportions do not model how real filling time changes with heart rate. Pressure, blood flow, oxygen transfer, feedback regulation and disease are not simulated.
The controls allow independent changes so you can study a multiplication relationship. Real heart rate and stroke volume interact. This activity carries no NCEA alignment or specialist endorsement.
Sources: American Heart Association: the healthy heart; OpenStax: cardiac cycle; OpenStax: cardiac physiology.